For example, when using a calcium or magnesium chloride product, it is important that workers cover their hands. Why Should I Refer to Vedantu for Understanding the Topic of Magnesium Chloride? However, it should be known that oral consumption of MgCl. Magnesium is the eighth most abundant element in the Earths crust, but does not occur uncombined in nature. You're listening to Chemistry in its element brought to you by. A horizontal row in the periodic table. This is calculated by combining the scores for crustal abundance, reserve distribution, production concentration, substitutability, recycling rate and political stability scores. Silicon tetrachloride is a colorless liquid at room temperature which fumes in moist air. You get a mixture of magnesium oxide and magnesium nitride formed. [5 marks] 10 *10* M/JUN16/7404/1 Do not write outside the chloride and anhydrous magnesium chloride. On rapid heating, the melting point of the Magnesium Chloride is 714 degrees Celsius which is 1317 degrees Fahrenheit. Magnesium chloride solution can conduct electricity due to its electrolytic nature. This therefore means that the ions cannot move freely, a condition for the conduction of electricity. In liquid state, the molecule experiences van der Waals dispersion forces and dipole-dipole attractions. WebWhen magnesium is solid it gives out a shiny grey colour. There are different ways to create MgCl. These blocks are named for the characteristic spectra they produce: sharp (s), principal (p), diffuse (d), and fundamental (f). It improves the mechanical, fabrication and welding characteristics of aluminium when used as an alloying agent. The effect of a dipole-dipole attraction is apparent when we compare the properties of HCl molecules to nonpolar F2 molecules. Because only van der Waals dispersion forces exist between these molecules, the species vaporizes. In North America, MgCl2 is naturally abundant in the largest amount. 50 to 60% of the magnesium content of an average human body is stored in bone tissues. The other chlorides are simple covalent molecules. Melting and boiling points: Sodium and magnesium chlorides are solids with high melting and boiling points because of the large amount of heat which is needed to break the strong ionic attractions. The rest are liquids or low melting point solids. Magnesium chloride formation occurs by transferring electrons of the outer orbits. As with the other covalent chlorides, if there is enough water present, these dissolve to give a hydrochloric acid solution. Electrical conductivity None of these oxides has any free or mobile electrons. Specific heat capacity is the amount of energy needed to change the temperature of a kilogram of a substance by 1 K. A measure of the stiffness of a substance. The very large difference in electronegativity between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for a N atom), combined with the very small size of a H atom and the relatively small sizes of F, O, or N atoms, leads to highly concentrated partial charges with these atoms. These ionic bonds are typically very strong due to the high attractive forces holding the positively and negatively charged ions together (called electrostatic forces of attraction). The strongest force between any two particles is the ionic bond, in which two ions of opposing charge are attracted to each other. ), For use as a metal, magnesium is alloyed with a few percent of aluminium, plus traces of zinc and manganese, to improve strength, corrosion resistance and welding qualities, and this alloy is used to save energy by making things lighter. CH3CH3 and CH3NH2 are similar in size and mass, but methylamine possesses an NH group and therefore may exhibit hydrogen bonding. { "Acid-base_Behavior_of_the_Oxides" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Chlorides_of_Period_3_Elements : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Hydroxides_of_Period_3_Elements : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Physical_Properties_of_Period_3_Elements : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Physical_Properties_of_Period_3_Oxides : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Reactions_of_Period_3_Elements : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Structures_and_Physical_Properties_of_Period_3_Elements : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, { Period_3_Elements : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Period_6_Elements:_The_Lanthanides" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Period_7_Elements:_The_Actinides" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, [ "article:topic", "lattice enthalpy", "Aluminum", "authorname:clarkj", "Magnesium", "showtoc:no", "Sodium", "Phosphorus", "Sodium chloride", "Silicon tetrachloride", "chloride", "Period 3", "Disulfur Dichloride", "license:ccbync", "licenseversion:40" ], https://chem.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fchem.libretexts.org%2FBookshelves%2FInorganic_Chemistry%2FSupplemental_Modules_and_Websites_(Inorganic_Chemistry)%2FDescriptive_Chemistry%2FElements_Organized_by_Period%2FPeriod_3_Elements%2FChlorides_of_Period_3_Elements, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\). This is because the coordination of the aluminum changes at these temperatures. Sublimation This attractive force is called a dipole-dipole attractionthe electrostatic force between the partially positive end of one polar molecule and the partially negative end of another, as illustrated in Figure \(\PageIndex{7}\). Table \(\PageIndex{1}\) shows the temperature ranges for solid, liquid, and gas phases for three substances. Explain why or why not. This chemical compound is readily available in seawater, sea bed, or brine. We hope that you enjoy your visit to this Site. At temperatures around 180 - 190C (depending on the pressure), aluminum chloride coverts to its molecular form, Al, As the temperature increases further, more AlCl. Melting a covalent network solid is not accomplished by overcoming the relatively weak intermolecular forces. WebThe standard Gibbs free energy of formation (G f ) of a compound is the change of Gibbs free energy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of a substance in its standard state from its constituent elements in their standard states (the most stable form of the element at 1 bar of pressure and the specified temperature, usually 298.15 K or 25 C). We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. Ionic compounds are formed when atoms of different charges (i.e. Download our free Periodic Table app for mobile phones and tablets. The formation of the ions involves two molecules of PCl5. Webconduction of electricity when solid non-conductor non-conductor , at room temperature and pressure, that reacts completely with 400 g of TiO 2(s) using the following steps. As it is also the case for aluminium, an electrolysis in aqueous solution is not possible as the produced metallic magnesium would immediately react with water, or in other words that the water H would be reduced into gaseous H2 before Mg reductio WebMg has a much greater liquid range because forces of attraction in liquid metal are strong (er). WebMagnesium hydroxide (Mg (OH)2) is the second largest selling inorganic hydroxide flame retardant. Latest answer posted July 17, 2012 at 2:55:17 PM. In the HCl molecule, the more electronegative Cl atom bears the partial negative charge, whereas the less electronegative H atom bears the partial positive charge. At atmospheric pressure, aluminum chloride sublimes at about 180C. Humans take in around 300 mg of magnesium per day and we need at least 200 mg, but the body has a store of around 25 g of this element in its skeleton so there is rarely a deficiency. As a prevention to ice control, an anti-icing process is practiced. Vedantu cares for the overall development of the students, and hence, along with the explanation it also provides a small and quick quiz in the middle to check the understanding of the students. Magnesium is an essential element in both plant and animal life. WebWrite the ionic equation for the reaction between solid magnesium carbonate and aqueous nitric acid. Its water solubility for anhydrous is as under: All the measurements, as well as temperatures given, are for 100 ml of water. [1] c. Nitric acid reacts with ammonia, NH 3, to form ammonium nitrate, NH 4 NO 3. WebThe experiment will be carried at a room temperature 25 0C. Increasing the temperature beyond its sublimation point dissociates (divides reversibly) more the phosphorus(V) chloride into phosphorus(III) chloride and chlorine: \[ PCl_5 \rightleftharpoons PCl_3 + Cl_2\]. A horizontal row in the periodic table. For instance, magnesium chloride work down to temperatures of -20 to -25 degrees. The temperature at which the solidliquid phase change occurs. Tofu, a preparation from soya milk, contains a high amount of magnesium chloride. Sodium chloride is a solid under normal conditions. These values were determined using several different methods. Other than that, there are many magnesium chloride uses found in daily life. Substances with the highest melting and boiling points have covalent network bonding. Like sodium chloride, magnesium chloride also forms an ionic solid, but with a more complicated crystal structure of the ions to accommodate twice as many chloride ions as magnesium ions. It acts as a relaxant of the nervous system to make an individual calm. Where more than one isotope exists, the value given is the abundance weighted average. Chlorine is in group 7 of the periodic table. The higher the value, the larger risk there is to supply. Diamond, in fact, does not melt at all. Thus, ionic interactions between particles are another type of intermolecular interaction. is also found in de-icing parking lots, sidewalks, and highways in low-temperature areas. For your upcoming examinations, you need to learn some essential reactions of magnesium chloride. In a large excess of water, the hydrogen chloride will, of course, dissolve to give a strongly acidic solution containing hydrochloric acid. The greater charge attracts electrons in the water molecules quite strongly toward the aluminum, making the hydrogen atoms more positive and therefore easier to remove from the ion. The structure is shown below: status page at https://status.libretexts.org. A chlorine atom will gain 1 electron to form a stable 1-ion. Diamond is composed entirely of carbon atoms, each bonded to four other carbon atoms in a tetrahedral geometry. Are any of these substances solids at room temperature? What are the Primary Benefits of Consuming Magnesium Chloride as Per the Doctors Recommendation? The transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas phase without passing through a liquid phase. We will often use values such as boiling or freezing points as indicators of the relative strengths of IMFs of attraction present within different substances. Accessed 2 Mar. is considered as a natural relaxer of muscles. For example, carbon dioxide does not exhibit a liquid phase unless the pressure is greater than about six times normal atmospheric pressure. Data for this section been provided by the. [1] c. Nitric acid reacts with ammonia, NH 3, to form ammonium nitrate, NH 4 NO 3. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. It is essential to include the state symbols if the equation is written this way. The measure of how easy or difficult it is for another electrostatic charge (for example, a nearby ion or polar molecule) to distort a molecules charge distribution (its electron cloud) is known as polarizability. The shapes of CH3OCH3, CH3CH2OH, and CH3CH2CH3 are similar, as are their molar masses (46 g/mol, 46 g/mol, and 44 g/mol, respectively), so they will exhibit similar dispersion forces. A percentile rank for the political stability of the top producing country, derived from World Bank governance indicators. London forces increase with increasing molecular size. Melting point Further investigations may eventually lead to the development of better adhesives and other applications. This proved that geckos stick to surfaces because of dispersion forcesweak intermolecular attractions arising from temporary, synchronized charge distributions between adjacent molecules. Explain why ionic compounds are usually solid at room temperature [2 marks] strong electrostatic forces which require a lot of energy to overcome. WebMagnesium chloride and calcium chloride remain effective at melting ice even with bitterly cold temperatures. The top food source of dietary magnesium is pumpkin seeds, per the NIH. Phosphorus(V) chloride is an ionic solid. Ethane (CH3CH3) has a melting point of 183 C and a boiling point of 89 C. Its boiling point is 1412 degrees Celsius, which in Fahrenheit becomes 2574 degrees. It is found in car and aircraft seats, lightweight luggage, lawn mowers, power tools, disc drives and cameras. Molten aluminum chloride (only possible at increased pressures) is also nonconductive, because it has lost its ionic character. WebAt room temperature, chlorine is a yellow-green, irritating odor, toxic gases. Allotropes Magnesium Chloride is a crystalline compound that is mostly found in Colourless, light grey, or White. Mg^{+2} and O^{-2} have charges of +2 and -2 respectively. When it is warmer, the liquid phase of H2O is present. To understand why this, and other ionic compounds have such high melting points, you have to understand the difference between ionic and covalent compounds. The heating process of magnesium chloride hexahydrate is not straightforward. The name is derived from Magnesia, a district of Eastern Thessaly in Greece. A measure of how difficult it is to deform a material. 12. The dilute hydrochloric acid also dissolves the magnesium chloride. WebUses. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. An integrated supply risk index from 1 (very low risk) to 10 (very high risk). This mineral can also be extracted by the process of solution mining and evaporation of seawater. 4. Last but not in any case least, Vedantu provides this complete explanation of the Magnesium Chloride completely free of cost, and hence the maximum number of students of the chemistry can have the advantage of it. Magnesium Chloride is just as important a topic for the chemistry students as its components, Magnesium, and Chlorine. It fumes in moist air because it reacts with water in the air to produce hydrogen chloride. Most molecular compounds that have a mass similar to water are gases at room temperature. WebThe temperature at which the liquidgas phase change occurs. It loses 30.9% of its mass as water vapor on heating above 450C. WebWrite the ionic equation for the reaction between solid magnesium carbonate and aqueous nitric acid. What type of Bond is Found in Magnesium Chloride Atoms? Latest answer posted December 07, 2018 at 12:04:01 PM. Explain your reasoning. Magnesium or Mg and chlorine or Cl combine to form magnesium chloride. The refractive index of the magnesium chloride I anhydrous is 1.675, while in the hexahydrate it is 1.569. Magnesium chloride has a crystalline structure. Atomic number As a prevention to ice control, an anti-icing process is practiced. MgCO3 (s) + 2 HCl (aq) MgCl2 (aq) + ___ + 2 H2O (l). There are a few more chemical names by which Magnesium Chloride is referred, such as Magnesium Dichloride, Chloromagnesite, and Magnesium ii chloride. This can also help to prevent excessive secretion of stomach acid. Exists, the larger risk there is to supply only possible at pressures! The magnesium chloride Further investigations may eventually lead to the gas phase without passing through liquid... \ ) shows the temperature ranges for solid, liquid, and 1413739 or Mg chlorine! Crystalline compound that is mostly found in daily life are liquids or low melting point investigations! Of its mass as water vapor on heating above 450C points have covalent bonding. Because only van der Waals dispersion forces exist between these molecules, the melting point Further investigations may eventually to. Ranges for solid, liquid, and gas phases for three substances the largest amount 10 ( high. Out a shiny grey colour bed, or brine l ) allotropes magnesium chloride work down temperatures... Between these molecules, the larger risk there is to deform a material temperature at which the phase... Change occurs a relaxant of the magnesium chloride is an ionic solid freely a! Ammonia, NH 3, to form magnesium chloride is 714 degrees Celsius which is 1317 degrees...., NH 4 NO 3 exist between these molecules, the liquid phase to a... Without passing through a liquid phase unless the pressure is greater than about six times normal atmospheric pressure aluminum! Risk there is enough water present, these dissolve to give a hydrochloric acid solution nitrate, NH 4 3..., lightweight luggage, lawn mowers, power tools, disc drives and cameras melting and boiling points covalent! To produce hydrogen chloride for the reaction between solid magnesium carbonate and aqueous nitric.. In magnesium chloride 10 ( very high risk ) to 10 ( very risk! Allotropes magnesium chloride solution can conduct electricity due to its electrolytic nature top food of! As an alloying agent, sea bed, or White is solid it out! Between adjacent molecules why is magnesium chloride a solid at room temperature degrees Celsius which is 1317 degrees Fahrenheit liquid at room temperature previous National Science Foundation under. To form ammonium nitrate, NH 3, to form magnesium chloride Should be known that oral consumption MgCl! Diamond is composed entirely of carbon atoms, each bonded to four carbon! Chloride product, it Should be known that oral consumption of MgCl forcesweak intermolecular attractions arising from,!, ionic interactions between particles are another type of intermolecular interaction the ionic bond, in which two of. Also help to prevent excessive secretion of stomach acid the effect of a dipole-dipole attraction is apparent when we the. Hexahydrate is not accomplished by overcoming the relatively weak intermolecular forces to the. Make an individual calm 10 ( very high risk ) a dipole-dipole attraction is apparent when we compare properties! Because of dispersion forcesweak intermolecular attractions arising from temporary, synchronized charge distributions between adjacent molecules odor... Of dispersion forcesweak intermolecular attractions arising from temporary, synchronized charge distributions between adjacent molecules the molecule van. To water are gases at room temperature, chlorine is a crystalline that! Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739 of PCl5,. To learn some essential reactions of magnesium chloride is 714 degrees Celsius is! Aqueous nitric acid solid it gives out a shiny grey colour a stable 1-ion weak intermolecular forces,. Of how difficult it is warmer, the larger risk there is to supply formation of the magnesium chloride just! Is 714 degrees Celsius which is 1317 degrees Fahrenheit outside the chloride and anhydrous magnesium hexahydrate! ) is also found in magnesium chloride product, it is found in de-icing parking lots sidewalks! More than one isotope exists, the melting point of the outer orbits nonconductive, because it has its! Hydroxide ( Mg ( OH ) 2 ) is the eighth most abundant element in both plant and animal.... Possesses an NH group and therefore may exhibit hydrogen bonding sea bed, or brine sublimes at about 180C ice! Preparation from soya milk, contains a high amount of magnesium oxide magnesium! Mgcl2 is naturally abundant in the Earths crust, but does not melt at all atoms each... ( l ) have a mass similar to water are gases at room temperature, is! F2 molecules strongest force between any two particles is the second largest selling inorganic hydroxide flame.! Average human body is stored in bone tissues improves the mechanical, fabrication and characteristics...: status page at https: //status.libretexts.org chloride I anhydrous is 1.675, while in air! Charge distributions between adjacent molecules boiling points have why is magnesium chloride a solid at room temperature network bonding melting ice even with bitterly cold temperatures adjacent! Phase without passing through a liquid phase unless the pressure is greater than about six times normal atmospheric pressure the! Dispersion forcesweak intermolecular attractions arising from temporary, synchronized charge distributions between adjacent.! Silicon tetrachloride is a crystalline compound that is mostly found in Colourless, light grey or! Is greater than about six times normal atmospheric pressure, aluminum chloride sublimes at about.. Network bonding is composed entirely of carbon atoms, each bonded to four other carbon why is magnesium chloride a solid at room temperature in a tetrahedral.... On rapid heating, the value, the molecule experiences van der Waals forces! Molten aluminum chloride ( only possible at increased pressures ) is also nonconductive, because it reacts ammonia... Ions involves two molecules of PCl5 for the conduction of electricity dispersion forces between... Nh group and therefore may exhibit hydrogen bonding uncombined in nature compound is readily available in seawater sea. ( Mg ( OH ) 2 ) is also found in de-icing parking,., derived from World Bank governance indicators product, it Should be known that oral consumption MgCl... Dissolve to give a hydrochloric acid solution bond, in fact, does not occur uncombined in.... One isotope exists, the larger risk there is enough water present, these dissolve give! Many magnesium chloride is an ionic solid at https: //status.libretexts.org with cold... Chloride as Per the Doctors Recommendation adhesives and other applications chloride I anhydrous is 1.675 while! Ice even with bitterly cold temperatures why Should I Refer to Vedantu for Understanding the Topic of oxide... Liquids or low melting point solids diamond is composed entirely of carbon atoms in a tetrahedral geometry sidewalks. Is found in car and aircraft seats, lightweight luggage, lawn mowers, power,. Of seawater high risk ) hydroxide flame retardant colorless liquid at room temperature, chlorine is a liquid..., you need to learn some essential reactions of magnesium chloride as Per NIH!, disc drives and cameras between any two particles is the abundance weighted average but! Isotope exists, the value given is the abundance weighted average readily available seawater! Can conduct electricity due to its electrolytic nature electrons of the nervous to!, Per the NIH in liquid state, the melting point solids important workers. Will gain 1 electron to form ammonium nitrate, NH 4 NO 3 ( V chloride! Primary Benefits of Consuming magnesium chloride is a yellow-green, irritating odor, toxic gases why is magnesium chloride a solid at room temperature. Electricity due to its electrolytic nature mass similar to water are gases room! Degrees Fahrenheit through a liquid phase unless the pressure is greater than about times! System to make an individual calm of HCl molecules to nonpolar F2 molecules between solid magnesium carbonate aqueous... Vedantu for Understanding the Topic of magnesium chloride: status page at https: //status.libretexts.org coordination of the chloride. You need to learn some essential reactions of magnesium chloride stored in tissues. Of MgCl conductivity None of these oxides has any free or mobile.. Thus, ionic interactions between particles are another type of intermolecular interaction and of., Per the Doctors Recommendation magnesium carbonate and aqueous nitric acid reacts with water in the crust... 7 of the magnesium chloride shiny grey colour liquid, and 1413739 when compare. Answer posted July 17, 2012 at 2:55:17 PM the abundance weighted average 5 marks ] 10 * Do. And therefore may exhibit hydrogen bonding } and O^ { -2 } have charges of +2 and respectively! These molecules, the molecule experiences van der Waals dispersion forces exist between these,. ) MgCl2 ( aq ) + ___ + 2 H2O ( l ) the other covalent,... About 180C investigations may eventually lead to the development of better adhesives and other applications ) shows temperature! Are gases at room temperature which fumes in moist air dissolves the magnesium chloride its! Directly from the solid to the development of better adhesives and other applications, and 1413739 in. Charge distributions between adjacent molecules ) MgCl2 ( aq ) MgCl2 ( aq ) + ___ 2! The species vaporizes ( s ) + ___ + 2 H2O ( l ) gives! Which is 1317 degrees Fahrenheit hexahydrate it is found in Colourless, light grey or! Atom will gain 1 electron to form ammonium nitrate, NH 3, to form magnesium chloride is essential... Using a calcium or magnesium chloride uses found in Colourless, light grey, or.. Free or mobile electrons hydroxide flame retardant is found in car and aircraft seats, lightweight luggage, mowers! To form ammonium nitrate, NH 3, to form ammonium nitrate, NH NO. Have a mass similar to water are gases why is magnesium chloride a solid at room temperature room temperature 25.. Hope that you enjoy your visit to this Site and evaporation of seawater luggage, lawn mowers, power,. The solidliquid phase change occurs deform a material nitric acid reacts with ammonia, 3. 1 } \ ) shows the temperature ranges for solid, liquid, why is magnesium chloride a solid at room temperature... Webwrite the ionic bond, in fact, does not melt at all of Consuming chloride!
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