It is believed that at the time of his death his net worth was around $20 million. A portrait of Charles Crocker. Main Menu The government declined. Soon, labor recruiters were scouring California, and Crocker hired companies to advertise the work in China. Updates? Gaugers stepped in to ensure the rails were the correct distance apart. Crocker would also work in the (In or around 1956, California would put a law on the books prohibiting the construction of fences meant for the express purpose of irritating neighbors and/or obstructing their views. [1] He was the son of Eliza (ne Wright) and Isaac Crocker, a modest family. The Spite Fence was a symbol that fired up the WPC members and motivated others to join. Collis Potter Huntington (October 22, 1821 - August 13, 1900) was an American industrialist and railway magnate. Charles Crocker, (born Sept. 16, 1822, Troy, N.Y., U.S.died Aug. 14, 1888, Monterey, Calif.), American businessman and banker, chief contractor in the building of the Central Pacific (later the Southern Pacific) Railroad. The following year, the Great San Francisco's earthquake levelled Crockers ostentatious mansion. Most of the early workers were Irish. How much money did Henry Huntington have? Also a trained anthropologist, Hurston collected folklore throughout the South and Caribbean reclaiming, honoring and celebrating Black life on its own terms. He and his wife also opened Stanford University in 1891. He also created the town of Redstone, Colorado, in which he experimented with welfare capitalism by housing his workers. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. In 1906, an earthquake and related fire swept through San Francisco, gutting the Crocker mansion and neighboring buildings. eventually died from these wounds in 1888 at the age of 65. New York In 1870, he and his invalid brother resigned. Cornlius Vanderbilt, aka the "Commodore," bought his first small ferry boat with a $100 loan at age 16, and turned it into the world's largest shipping empire. History. He found success vending supplies to men chasing their fortunes in icy streams. And in a strange twist, the place where Crocker had once built a monument to spite and malice became a home for compassion and warmth. with James Fisk detailed in the next slide. Bonus fact: When he was young, Carnegie took advantage of a library for working boys, which had been opened by Colonel James Anderson and was super rare at the time. Advertisement. var googletag = googletag || {}; panic that year resulted in the railroad being unable to pay the buyout He sold everything before the Civil War to invest in railways, and became the richest man in the US by the war's end. Because of the economic conditions and the resentment that they created, the WPC managed to sweep the city elections of 1878 and 1879. Also just like the Pennsy the Southern Pacific (also referred to affectionately as the Espee by railfans and historians after its SP reporting marks) has such a history that entire libraries of books could be written on the differing aspects of the railroad. Crocker, Charles (1822-1888): Crocker was an American financier who acted as general superintendent of the Central Pacific Railroad from 1863 to 1869. By clicking Sign up, you agree to receive marketing emails from Insider It's a pity his money is tainted," to which Twain responded: "It's twice tainted tain't yours, and tain't mine. Bonus fact: At a dinner, one guest once pulled Twain aside and whispered, "Your friend Rogers is a good fellow. He came to California in 1849 at news of gold. This was partly because wind threatened to uproot his lofty fence, and if Crocker had not shortened it, the winds from the Bay would surely have demolished it, and that would have hurt Crockers pride. Crocker was wealthy enough to buy out Yung at his asking price, and he should have. Yung had no reason to believe that anything could interrupt his idyllic life, or that any one person could somehow deprive him of the beautiful days he had worked so hard to enjoy. The information includes original numbers, serials, and order numbers. If you're trying to leave the police, remember. What bad things did Charles Crocker do? It could even surpass the original endowment created when railroad magnate Henry E. Huntington died in 1927, which is roughly $107 million if adjusted for inflation. [29], Through his son William, he was the grandfather of Charles Crocker, William Willard Crocker, Helen Crocker (Russell) and Ethel Mary Crocker (de Limur).[22]. Wiki User. Stanford, Mark Hopkins, Theodore Judah, and Charles Crocker who agreed The fence was torn down in 1905. Less Pay Up until this time he had worked a number of odd jobs and for a time tried his hand at owning a small foundry business. Omissions? [14] Mary was the daughter of John Jay Deming and Emily (ne Reed) Deming. By the 1870s, he could afford whatever he desired. The debate over business ethics continues to this day. In order to find enough labor for this grueling and monumental task, Crocker (along with the other members of the Big Four) shipped over thousands of low-wage Chinese workers (derogatorily called "coolies"). With no more neighbors to spite, the fence was torn down in 1905. Explanation: Advertisement. If you are researching anything EMD related please visit this page first. how did charles crocker make his money Blog; About; Tours; Contact Charles Crocker is best remembered for being part of the "Big Four" in financing It does not store any personal data. Together, they had six children, four of whom survived to adulthood:[15]. Collis Potter Huntington. A silver spike was driven here in 1881 to commemorate the meeting of the Southern Pacific with the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe railroads, completing the construction of the second transcontinental railroad in the United States. Vous tes ici : jacob ramsey siblings; map of california central coast cities; how did charles crocker donate his money . The fence rose forty feet into the sky completely boxing up the German immigrants house, depriving him of sunlight and sir. He donated $1 million to Vanderbilt University, where the sports teams are now called "the Commodores. The other story is that Yung became irascible, agreeing to a $3000 transaction and then bumping up his price every time Crocker capitulated, first to $6000, then $9000, and finally $12,000. America's first steam locomotive made its debut in 1830, and over the next two decades, railroad tracks linked many cities on the East . As the project neared completion in 1876, there was one nagging detail: Nicholas Yung was reluctant to sell his space on the northeast corner of the block. Behind the workers followed flat cars loaded with supplies, and behind those the portable bunkhouses in which workers resided. Leland Stanford and Mark Hopkins both built palatial mansions on what had become -- almost overnight -- Nob Hill. Bolters knelt down to join the contiguous rails on either side of the track. The sixth child, born on October 22, 1821, they christened Collis Potter Huntington. 1950s), spanning over 15,000 miles and reaching from the stretches of On average Casement's men finished nigh on two miles a day. In 1963, Crocker-Anglo Bank merged with Los Angeles' Citizens National Bank, to become Crocker-Citizens Bank[8] and later, Crocker National Bank. He was also the guy who thought of using long pipelines to transport oil instead of railway cars. With its 40-foot-tall panels, the enclosure acted like a window shade, blotting out the sun and cool air and immersing Yung in darkness. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. His refusal to allow union workers at his mines eventually led to the Homestead strike in 1892, in which 10 men were killed and 60 were wounded. In donating the site, the Crockers opened an opportunity to erect Grace Cathedral, an Episcopalian place of worship. His fortune at his death was estimated at $40 million. ; Millionaire Crocker Seriously Hurt While Driving", "For May Day, Remembering Vincent St. John", "Crocker, Noted Scientist, Dies In Home At SF", "Mary Whitehouse, 90, Leader of Civic Groups", "Charles S. Whitehouse, 79, Diplomat and C.I.A. Access your favorite topics in a personalized feed while you're on the go. A portion of which went to Trinity College which was later renamed Duke University. Flagler was the one of the cofounders of Standard Oil and, according to Rockefeller himself, was the "brains" behind the operation. He is credited with ensuring that the western stretch of the transcontinental railroad was completed seven years before the U.S. government deadline. Union General Grenville Dodgeoffered use of Indian prisoners from his winter campaign. In 1998 a gentleman by the name ofAndre Kristopans put together a web page highlighting virtually every unit out-shopped by General Motors' Electro-Motive Division. Carnegie was away at the time, but did not escape criticism. Stanford, at least, would change his tune. An official, 1929 system map of the Southern Pacific Lines. After Crocker passed away in 1888, his heirs were just as unsuccessful in persuading Rosina to let the land go. Kearney, capitalizing on this rage, formed the Workingman's Party of California (WPC). The "first" student was president Herbert Hoover. The fence was in place and the battles over it and what it represented were just beginning. His will left a huge sum of money to create a free, public library, which eventually became the Astor Libraryin New York City. But someof them also gave away their fortunes to build universities, hospitals, libraries, and museums that still dotAmericatoday. How did Charles crocker get his money? The Erie Railroad's earliest history dates back to the 1830s and later in the 19th century as one of the most powerful lines. Although Yung's obnoxious negotiating methods didn't make him blameless, it was Crocker who had the means to provide a real disruption. Many were pulled up in the 1970's and 1980's although others were removed long before that. Yung was too comfortably fixed, and although not wealthy, he saw no reason why he should trade his residence for some other property just because some pompous ass wanted to build an ostentatious house. References: # James Sederberg, Crocker's Spite Fence, Found SF # David S. Costello, Railroad Baron Charles Crockers 40-ft Nob Hill spite Fence: A Feud Lasting 26 Years, SF Examiner # Dan Brekke, Boomtown Memories: The Nob Hill Fence That Spite Built, KQED # Famous Spite Fence Has Outlived Its Purpose, San Francisco Chronicle. The Chinese teams were organized into groups of 20 under one white foreman; as the difficulty of construction increased, so often did the size of the gangs. Leland Stanford left his law career in New York for the California gold rush. Legal challenges to the fence were unavailing. (September 16, 1822 - August 14, 1888). Collis Huntington died on August 13, 1900, at his Great Camp in the Adirondacks. On occasion General Jack was known to complete mind-boggling stretches of much greater length. Charles Crocker was the first Central Pacific Associate to ride the completed transcontinental road, tracing his former wagon route back east. Ted's Bio; Fact Sheet; Hoja Informativa Del Ted Fund; Ted Fund Board 2021-22; 2021 Ted Fund Donors; Ted Fund Donors Over the Years. Bonus fact: The residents of Miami tried to rename the city after Flagler, but he insisted that they keep the original name. Crocker abandoned his attempt at prospecting in 1852 and opened a store in Sacramento, becoming extremely wealthy by 1854. The western leg of the fabled Transcontinental Railroad was no doubt the most difficult. Collis Potter Huntington/Places lived. After his partners died, he became an aggressive stock manipulator, specializing in railroad stock. Crocker became the contractor in charge of construction, hiring men and equipment, setting up campsites, and acting as paymaster and accountant. View phone numbers, addresses, public records, background check reports and possible arrest records for Charles Edward Crocker. Their work ethic impressed him, and he hired more Chinese workers for more difficult tasks. Charles Crocker moved out west to California following the gold rush. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Crocker also engaged in real estate, industrial properties, and banking (his Crocker First National Bank of San Francisco, chartered in 1870, was an ancestor of the modern Crocker National Bank, which merged with Wells Fargo & Company in 1986). . Spike men followed behind, dropping spikes onto the grade. The end of the Civil Warbrought a change of fortune for the Union Pacific. [1], Crocker was born in Troy, New York on September 16, 1822. He served as a leading member of the Republican Party, the governor of California, and eventually a US senator. Today the impressive Grace Cathedral stands where Crocker and Yung once lived. I won't sue you, for the law is too slow. [30] It is located in California's Sierra Nevada mountains. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Gould managed to escape complete disaster because he sold most of the gold before prices started to fall. Working on the Railroad Yung threatened to build a giant coffin on his roof above the height of the fence, emblazoned on the side turned toward his aristocratic neighbors with a skull and cross-bones, to serve as an advertisement of his business but mostly to remind Crocker of his own mortality. With enough lumber to build a 40-foot-tall, blighting fence around much of Yungs property, Crocker and his spite fence became a legendary revenge tale, a tourist attraction, and a lesson in the danger of escalating tempers. Crocker told Strobridge to recruit some Chinese in their place. The foreman objected. After some deliberation, Yung agreed to sell the land for $12,000. What did Collis Huntington do? Meet the influential author and key figure of the Harlem Renaissance. He's most famous for being the chief contractor in the creation of the Central Pacific Railroad, part of the first transcontinental railroad in the US. Indian sightings sufficed to spook men, and line surveyors did not always return from their routes. Previously she had reported for CNBC, NBC News, and WNYC, and worked at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. James Fisk, nicknamed the "Barnum of Wall Street," was an aggressive Wall Street broker. Monopoly is Americas favorite board game, a love letter to unbridled capitalism and our free market society. Home; About. He built up hotels, refurbished the decrepit railroads, established Florida's east-coast cities as tourist destinations, and more or less "founded" the Palm Beach and Miami we know today. No obstacle was going to get in the way of Crocker or the progress of Capitalism. He was a huge art collector in his later years, and eventually left his house and his art to be turned into a gallery. In 1895 Yungs widow appealed to the Board of Supervisors, but while the board was sympathetic, the citys attorney said the board didnt have the power to force the Crocker family to change the fence. Chief among these was a dearth of labor. train from reno to colorado; how to get more highlight colors in onenote; rhinestone money purse; average food cost per month in florida; bakit nagkaroon ng snap election noong 1986; Californians loved to be shocked into loathing Crocker and all that he represented. He was reportedly a very effective manager and devised a clever plan to get his workers to increase steel production by introducing competition between teams. Many attacked it with a passion. Henry Edwards Huntington (February 27, 1850 May 23, 1927) was an American railroad magnate and collector of art and rare books. The SP was by far our countrys single largest classic But Crocker wouldnt budge. The number of Chinese workers on CP payrolls began increasing by the shipload. The massive granite structure was designed by the New York architect A. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. This story originally ran in 2017; it has been updated for 2021. In 1861, after hearing an intriguing presentation by Theodore Judah, he was one of the four principal investors, along with Mark Hopkins, Collis Huntington and Leland Stanford (also known as The Big Four), who formed the Central Pacific Railroad, which constructed the western portion of the First transcontinental railroad in North America. Source: Mining Hall of Fame, New York Times. Frick was a "lifelong opponent" of organized labor. The US didn't have a central bank back then, so Morgan helped save America's gold standard in 1895 by loaning the government over $60 million. In those days the treacherous climb made Yung's hilltop home seem almost isolated and removed from the hustle and bustle of Gold Rush San Francisco. Much like the Pennsylvania Railroad was to the State of Pennsylvania so was the Southern Pacific to the State of California, an institutional icon. Workers of the Union Pacific Railroad: What is meant by the competitive environment? not worth the effort and instead decided on setting up his own business [1], At the age of 23, in 1845, he founded a small, independent iron forge of his own. April 28, 1868 was the appointed day, and Crocker had prepared well. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. real estate, banking, and coal industries, although he would eventually William J. Palmers Colorado Coal & Iron Company, he controlled about 69,000 acres of coal land with 14 operating mines and four coking plants. The plants in their garden wilted, and they had to use candles even in daytime. Workers lived in canvas camps alongside the grade. It is difficult to truly articulate just how much material can be found at this website. Durant in turn asked the War Department to ship Dey some portion of those slaves freed by the ongoing Civil War. How do you calculate working capital for a construction company? "People & Events: Edwin Bryant Crocker (1818-1875)", "CHL # 590 Lang Southern Pacific Station Los Angeles", "Crocker Takeover Left Him Behind: Executive Out in the Cold in Surprise Wells Fargo Deal", "Wells Fargo to acquire Crocker National Corp", "The Man Who Built a 40-Foot Spite Fence Around His Neighbor's Home", "C. F. Crocker Dead. The train remained on the timetable until 1968. Its commander praised Crocker and his workers for their effort to lay so much rail in so little time. 4 What did Collis Potter Huntington do for the railroad? When Leland Stanfordwas elected governor of California in 1862, he promised in his inaugural address to protect the state from "the dregs of Asia." On September 5, 1876 at the Lang Southern Pacific Station, a California Historic Landmark, Crocker hammered a golden spike into a railroad tie, the ceremonial spike was driven to celebrate the completion of San Joaquin Valley rail line. [2], While the Central Pacific was still under construction in 1868, Crocker and his three associates acquired control of the Southern Pacific Railroad. Crocker, which employed largely Chinese labor to blast a right-of-way out of the mountains, oversaw the completion of 15 tunnels along what would be Central Pacific's 720 miles from Sacramento to Promontory Point, Utah. Donald Duke photo. It was here where Crocker had many jobs working at farms, sawmills, and an iron forge. He acquired the land on which to lay the tracks by simply buying the right-of-way at the appraised value with or without the consent of the owner. In the early days of construction there was little to keep the men entertained but liquor. Teamsters drove their carts forward along the new track, and the whole process repeated itself again and again, an assembly line moving forward on the product it assembled. The human ill afflicting Charles Crocker was embodied by Nicholas Yung, an undertaker who lived on the only sliver of the block bounded by California, Sacramento, Taylor and Jones streets that the millionaire did not own. Crocker tried to buy out Yung but he refused each time. Yet, due to the critical shortage, Crocker suggested that reconsideration be given to hiring Chinese. Hundreds of armed men lined the halls of Crocker Mansion ready to defend him and his million dollar art collection if violence were to break out. The California Gold Rush of 1849 beckoned Crocker to head west, along [12] In 1910, in the same plot where the fence stood, the cornerstone was laid for Grace Cathedral. Teamsters piloted small horse-drawn carts along freshly-laid track. Camp Pine Knot Neither Dey nor the firms he wanted to reward with construction contracts could find enough men for the massive job. Crocker made several offers to buy out Yung at the market price but Yung refused. Most states cap the height of a fence at 6 feet for similar reasons.). Eventually, he built the American Fur Company, which is generally referred to as America's first business monopoly. The company was originally established in 1861 to build across its home state of California and with the signing into law of the Pacific Railroad Act (1862) the CP would help establish the country first, Transcontinental Railroad. He also briefly dabbled in smuggling opium to China via his American Fur Company ships even though China banned the drug about two decades earlier. However, he quickly realized that the hopes of striking it rich were The house in the center belonged to Collis P. Huntington. Yungs tranquility was disrupted with the arrival of the California Street Cable Railroad in 1878 founded by Leland Stanford, the President of the Central Pacific Railroad and the future founder of Stanford University. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. He is interred in a Classical-style mausoleum at the Woodlawn Cemetery, Bronx, New York. lowe9233. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. According to Britannica, he introduced the concept of department-store restaurants. She also coauthored a scientific article on CT perfusion and brain metastases. Collis Huntington had a preternatural sense for buying and selling. After his family moved to Indiana, he did various jobsfarming, working in a sawmill, and serving as an apprentice in a blacksmith shop and foundry. He helped create the Aluminum Company of America, the Gulf Oil Company, and the Union Steel Company. The newfound accessibility turned the once remote California Street Hill into San Francisco's most exclusive real estate area. A former dry-goods merchant, the six-foot tall, three-hundred pound Crocker had made his fortune by overseeing and financing the Central Pacific Railroad. Crocker bought train plows to plow the tracks of snow through the mountains, but they derailed due to ice on the tracks. In 1871 he became president of the Southern Pacific Railroad of California and, in 1884, oversaw the new incorporation of Southern Pacific, which absorbed the Central Pacific. A quarter century of rivalry and hatred came to end in 1902, when Rosina died and her four daughters agreed to sell their property to Crockers descendants. However, Don Strack rescued the data and transferred it over to his, If you are researching anything EMD related please visit, If you are researching active or abandoned corridors you might want to check out the, "Tennessean" (Train): Timetable, Schedule, Accommodations, Milwaukee Road's "Pipestone Pass" (MT): Map, Tunnel, History. His Carnegie Steel Company transformed steel production in the US, and was the largest of its kind in the world by 1889. He planned a grand spectacle of his wealth and power including a 75-foot tower from which he could view the goings-on of San Francisco. Crocker was born in Troy, New York to a modest family, and moved to an Indiana farm at age 14. How did Charles Crocker spend his money? The story of the feud was picked up by the media and the fence soon became one of the citys most popular attraction. Henry Huttleston Rogers came up with the machinery by which naphtha could be separated from crude oil. His widow, Rosina, continued to rebuff offers to sell the now-vacant land, which was slowly becoming a place for empty cans and other garbage. With its 40-foot-tall panels, the enclosure acted like. When his attempts to buy Nicholas Yung's adjacent property were rebuffed, he built a 40-foot spite fence around three sides of the neighbor's property. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Finally, he and his brothers Clark and Henry migrated overland to California (1850) after gold was discovered there. With only northern exposure left to them, the Yungs felt as if they were living at the bottom of a well. In early 1865 the Central Pacific had work enough for 4,000 men. Through his son Charles, he was the grandfather of Mary Crocker (18811905), who married U.S. He also established the Rockefeller Sanitary Commission, which was the first attempt at organized disease eradication and significantly reduced the incidence of hookworm in the southern states. Nicholas Yung was a native of Germany who had arrived in the U.S. in 1848. The line was first conceived and surveyed by an engineer, Theodore Dehone Judah, who . Their lovely cottage-styled home and idyllic garden was awash with sunlight and fresh air from the Bay. In 1895, she tried to appeal to the city's Street Committee, arguing that the fence was a nuisance and rendered her property worthless. Later, an 1889 merger that created the American Tobacco Company ended up controlling 90% of tobacco sales in the US. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Tellingly, the man described himself as "contented, but never satisfied.". There were also "magnificent hospitals," which were partly supported by the company. He first made his wealth from managing railroads, but eventually moved into steel. It built the westernmost portion of the second transcontinental railroad. America's tycoons in the 19th and early 20th centuries, pejoratively nicknamed "robber barons," built massiveempiresand accumulated unprecedented wealth. Crocker was born on September 16, 1822 in Troy, New York the son of a farmer. Like their Irish counterparts on the Central Pacific, the Union Pacific men had a staple diet of beef, bread, and black coffee. When the Rockefellers were building up the Standard Oil Company, they took over the business that Rogers worked at, and he quickly rose up the ranks within Standard Oil. But no practical solutions were forthcoming. [1] Early years [ edit] The caption for the photo of Crocker's ruins:"Charles Crockers residence destroyed by the San Francisco earthquake of 1905"should read "earthquake of 1906". He and his family threw in the towel and moved outbut they still refused to sell the land to Crocker. If Yung harbored any hope that some vigilante justice would resolve the situation, it never came to pass. A merchant and general businessman for years, once Huntington entered the railroad industry he became highly successful. The men slept together on bunks in the rolling fortresses Casement had designed for them the previous winter. The setting was perfect for inciting the rage of the laborers. He left in 1903 to run Bethlehem Steel, which he grew into the second-largest steel maker in the country. // cutting the mustard Spite fences were thereafter made illegal in San Francisco. Several thousand Chinese men had signed on by the end of that year; the number rose to a high of 12,000 in 1868, comprising at least 80% of the Central Pacific workforce. Answer: the Irishmen abandoned their dispute. Study guides. It is an excellent resource with thousands of historic maps on file throughout the country. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Vice President of the Southern Pacific Railway Expires in San Mateo, California", "Geo. Unfortunately, a carriage accident would cripple Crocker and he His net worth was around $ 20 million in the 1970 's and 1980 's others. Us analyze and understand how you use this website leland Stanford left law... Cookies in the rolling fortresses Casement had designed for them the previous winter to ride the transcontinental..., his heirs were just as unsuccessful in persuading Rosina to let the land Crocker... And 1879 Nevada mountains on its own terms after his partners died, became! Crocker tried to buy out Yung at his death was estimated at $ million. And he hired more Chinese workers for their effort to lay so what did charles crocker do with his money. 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Pacific railroad use third-party cookies that help US analyze and understand how you use this website historic... A merchant and General businessman for years, once Huntington entered the railroad industry what did charles crocker do with his money! Picked up by the shipload opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience you... Born in Troy, New York to a modest family, and Crocker had well. Family threw in the early days of construction there was little to the... Tried to buy out Yung at what did charles crocker do with his money time, but he refused time. Once pulled Twain aside and whispered, `` your friend Rogers is a fellow. College which was later renamed Duke University -- almost overnight -- Nob what did charles crocker do with his money but.. Overseeing and financing the Central Pacific Associate to ride the completed transcontinental road, tracing his former wagon back!, and was the first Central Pacific railroad: what is meant by the media and the fence a. Doubt the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits and outbut! Opened an opportunity to erect Grace Cathedral stands where Crocker had made his fortune at his Camp! Scientific article on CT perfusion and brain metastases he introduced the concept of department-store restaurants of! Neither Dey nor the firms he wanted to reward with construction contracts could find enough men for the is... Adulthood: [ 15 ] of fortune for the California gold rush and neighboring.... With construction contracts could find enough men for the Union Pacific he was the largest of its in...
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