are bay leaf trees toxic to dogsare bay leaf trees toxic to dogs
These parts contain oxalic acid, which in large amounts can cause tremors . When your pooch eats these nuts, the fungus will cause different health problems, including fluid accumulation in the legs, augmented heart and breathing rate, and high body temperature. Most people like my mother prefer the subtle flavor of the dried Turkish Bay leaves so they dont overpower the flavor of the soup. And just because the type of popular flowering plant is one of the non-toxic types of hibiscus, does not mean that if your dog consumes this plant, that they will not show any negative signs. If you must use Bay leaves as one of the ingredients in your soup, stew, or dish, be sure to store any unused dried Bay leaves in a closed kitchen drawer, on a high shelf, or on top of the refrigerator. Although the berries aren't toxic to dogs, the leaves, seeds, and bay are extremely poisonous to them. Summary: Some types hibiscus plant is can be toxic to dogs, meaning that the plant itself may contain materials that are deemed toxic to dogs. However, this delightful Mediterranean tree has a reputation for being toxic. Herbs Safe for Dogs. All parts of the onion plant are toxic to dogs, including the flesh, leaves, juice, and processed powders. Evergreen leaves. I write articles about my passion for dogs! As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. In fact, bay leaves are considered to be toxic to dogs due to the presence of a substance called eugenol plus a number of other essential oils. It can cause excessive skin irritation and itching to dogs. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Copyright 2023 Pet Care Advisors | All Rights Researved. If you use bay leaves already crushed by a commercial manufacturer, you wont have to worry about an unpleasant taste because the manufacturer always makes sure it tastes good before putting it on the market. by Arna Bee December 18, 2020. You can usually find American Bay leaves in light green or medium green color. Dogs can safely eat one or two fresh, plain mint leaves per day. Thanks for asking PetCoach! Hubert Drew is a passionate writer and blogger who runs the popular blog "TheFaithfulDog". These can be kept on the counter. In some rare instances, you can even choke on a bay leaf, which is never a fun thing to experience. If not, then call us for advice. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. One study has shown curcumin, a frequently studied phytonutrient found in turmeric, may support healthy joint mobility and comfort. Is Honey Safe for Dogs? Whats the real truth about bay leaves? Outside of family, I love grilling and barbequing on my Big Green Egg and working on projects around the house. Fresh leaves and flowers of the bay laurel tree are safe for pets with no ill effects, but as they contain essential oils, even just a little bit should not be provided as part of her regular meals or snacks. From the ASPCA: The bay leaf is also poisonous to dogs because it contains essential oils, which can be dangerous when ingested by dogs. If your canine friends accidentally ingest a high dosage of eugenol, they may experience these symptoms: As you can see from the information above, Bay leaves are not safe for dogs. . Its toxicity level is so high that a very small quantity can cause substantial symptoms. But if you need more, it is not difficult to start growing a bay tree from cuttings. Conclusion. Note: Although bay laurel leaves are safe when used in small quantities, they may be toxic to horses, dogs, and cats. Help! What Should I do? Home Are Bay Leaves Poisonous to Humans and Dogs? Also, if you cultivate it in your backyard garden or in pots, ensure you limit access to avoid this pet eating it. Yes, there are many reasons why Bay leaves are toxic to dogs. These trees are also tolerant of the soils of Phoenix. Further Reading: Can dogs eat mulberries? Can dogs eat bay leaves? Is lavender poisonous to dogs? Instead of just one long vein, there are three veins that run down the length of the Indian Bay leaves. Deli hams contain a lot , You shouldnt feed your pup french fries every day since too many fries can give him an upset stomach and lead to dehydration, weight gain or pancreatitis. Call the Pet Poison hotline (1-800-213-6680) or the local ASPCA hotline. Ingestion of a toxic dose can cause vomiting or diarrhea in dogs but could also lead to seizures and liver damage. Can dogs eat Bay leaves? Don't take chances if you are uncertain. This rule applies to both humans and dogs, but since the whole leaf can be somewhat bitter, it is not recommended that you eat the leaf but rather, remove it before consuming the dish it was used to flavor. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. This specifically applies to the species Laurus nobilis with other names including Bay laurel, Sweet Bag, sweet bay, true laurel, Grecian Laurel, and Bay Tree. Dont be, because even if youve already determined that you dont like the taste of bay leaves, the solution is simple just buy whole bay leaves, not the crushed type, and the problem is solved. The ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center lists banana leaves as being poisonous to both dogs and cats. Only in small amounts, thyme is not poisonous to dogs. If you notice any worrying symptoms and think your dog may have ingested part of a plant, take your pet to the vet. It is native to Japan, Korea, and northeast China. According to the ASPCA, consuming bay leaves can bring on bouts of diarrhea and vomiting, and whole leaves could even result in an obstruction for your dog. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. (DISCLAIMER) Please note that all of the information provided by neurodoglux is for informational purposes only. According to the Merck Veterinary Manual, garlic and other members of the allium family, including onions, contain thiosulfate, which is toxic to dogs but not to humans. Oregano oil is considered one of the best natural ingredients with antibiotic properties for your dog. In addition to ingestion, physical contact with a Boxwood tree is also dangerous. For starters, the leaves produced by Laurus nobilis are not toxic. Rhubarb is a popular vegetable but whilst the stems are completely edible, the leaves are toxic and should not be fed to . It might be safe for dogs to eat very small quantities of dried bay leaf in their diet, but because this herb contains essential oils that could poison your pet if ingested in large amounts, a little bit should not be included as part of her regular meals or snacks. Oleander (Nerium oleander) is another common . This beautiful flower is a danger to both cats and dogs, with the entirety of the plant presenting a hazard. Symptoms of possible poisoning include lethargy, abdominal pain; vomiting; diarrhea; weakness; hypotension, and central nervous system depression or excitement (ataxia and tremors). All parts of the begonia are toxic to dogs, but the roots have the highest level of calcium oxalates, which is a substance that causes vomiting and diarrhea. He may start vomiting, diarrhea, acting tired, etc., depending on the amount eaten. If your dog eats these culinary herbs leaf, expect symptoms such as diarrhea, lethargy, vomiting, depression, among others. However, split leaf philodendrons do contain the same insoluble calcium oxalate crystals as the monstera, and pose the same toxic risks to dogs if they ingest the plant. Further Reading: Can dogs eat butter beans? Second, the Bay leaves have sharp edges. No, dogs should not eat Bay leaves. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Rhubarb. Lily of the valley Dogs who eat lily of the valley may experience cardiac arrhythmias, decreased . An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Similar to nutmeg, mace is a common herb that isnt safe for your dog to consume. Red berries in winter. Laurel bay leaves are toxic to cats and dogs. Yes. We use cookies to help give you the best experience. When your furry friends accidentally eat one, they are at risk of choking due to the size of the Bay leaves. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. In case your pooch eats it, look out of the various symptoms we have mentioned and inform your veterinary for diagnosis and treatment. It contains a sap that itself has explicit enzymes that cause Ficus poisoning to the dogs. They are toxic and may be lethal to death if consumed in enormous quantities. Bay leaves are another supposed natural cockroach repellent. According to the ASPCA, consuming bay leaves can bring on bouts of diarrhea and vomiting, and whole leaves could even result in an obstruction for your dog. These trees do well in warm temperatures and are mostly found in India and Southeast Asia. For starters, the leaves produced by Laurus nobilis are not toxic. Note: Beware of toxic bay-like trees. Manage Settings According to the ASPCA, consuming bay leaves can bring on bouts of diarrhea and vomiting, and whole leaves could even result in an obstruction for your dog. For this reason, its important never to feed your dog foods that contain bay leaves. Garlic, which is a member of the Allium family, is poisonous to dogs, especially in powdered form, such as in seasonings. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. In dogs, a bay leaf will not kill them or cause any serious damages, but it may very well upset their stomachs and cause digestive problems that include vomiting. Which bay trees are edible? The answer is simple. They are usually between 2 to 3 inches long. I have a bachelors degree in construction engineering. Bay leaves come from the bay laurel tree, which is an evergreen shrub that usually grows in the Mediterranean or areas with warmer climates. Honey is safe for dogs to eat in small quantities. What trees are toxic to dogs? So which bay trees are edible? The leaves are only left in to add flavor during the cooking process. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". There are also more harmful and dangerous chemicals in this herb than there are safe ones. Bay is also a traditional component of the French bouquet garni herbs. Fortunately, this belief is just a myth, because bay leaves are not toxic to either humans or dogs. Posted on Published: August 26, 2021- Last updated: February 6, 2023, Copyright 2022 | Bamboo on Trellis Framework by Mediavine. Rose family, Almond \ Plum sub-family. Once ingested, your pooch may experience the following: One of the chemicals in Bay leaves that are safe for dogs is terpenes. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Does this mean you should go ahead and eat the bay leaf instead of throwing it away? Clinical Signs: Vomiting and diarrhea, Large ingestion of whole leaves can cause obstruction. Ingestion of a toxic dose can cause vomiting or diarrhea in dogs but could also lead to seizures and liver damage. They contain toxic chemicals that can cause a variety of health issues in dogs. Eating bay leaves can also result in seizures and liver damage. First, check for the common symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, irregular heartbeat, etc. Therefore, it is essential to study a tree in detail before planting it in your garden. Eating bay leaves can cause vomiting or diarrhea in dogs, but if your pet is unlucky enough to eat a toxic dose, poisoning could occur and lead to seizures and liver damage. I thought it would be a great idea to share my experience with all pet owners so they can also keep their canine companions healthy, happy, and clean! This tree is very toxic to dogs as its berries, leaves, bay, and flowers are poisonous. In small quantities, it is okay to give your dog parsley, but avoid larger amounts because it contains essential oils which can be poisonous to dogs. Deli hams contain a lot , You shouldnt feed your pup french fries every day since too many fries can give him an upset stomach and lead to dehydration, weight gain or pancreatitis. Your dog will not suffer fatal toxic effects from consuming too much cinnamon, but that does not necessarily mean you should be sprinkling it on kibble. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. This tree is scientifically represented as Taxus sp and is a member of the Taxaceae family. Bay Leaf. Sign up for our newsletter. However, they may cause irritation if they are ingested. If you buy and use whole bay leaves, they are super easy to remove from the dish before you start to eat it. Privet is one of several plants which are poisonous to horses. Due to this, your dog may have a deep desire to eat cat food only because they enjoy the taste. They are used in many Caribbean dishes. In fact, , If your dog ate ham and is reacting adversely, contact your local veterinarian immediately. "The toxic substance is unknown, but all parts of the plant are toxicflowers, stems, leaves, and pollen-including even the water that cut lilies sit in," says Carly Fox, DVM, senior veterinarian at Schwarzman Animal Medical Center. Since bay leaf poisonous dogs, avoid giving it to your canine friend. Signs your cat has . Adam-and-Eve (Arum, Lord-and-Ladies, Wake Robin, Starch Root, Bobbins, . It also causes annexations, irregular breathing, and widened pupils to your dog. Second, the Bay leaves have sharp edges. neurodoglux.com is readers-supported. Only dried leaves of the bay laurel tree are poisonous to dogs. This is one of the most important things that a dog owner must consider before bringing their pooch home. What can you do for a dog that has hives? Also, their sharp edges may also damage the GI tract. It only takes small amounts of this plant to cause a toxic reaction in cats. . Stick to serving them a few small bites of mint occasionally, rather than regularly. There are so many gorgeous plants that are generally safe around pets, including shrubs such as Camellia, Mahonia and olive trees. Oregano oil. Your dog may end up throwing up or with diarrhea. I really appreciate your time. Fresh leaves and flowers can be eaten by pets with no ill effects. This is also poisonous to dogs, but only in larger quantities. It does not store any personal data. Hubert Drew is a passionate writer and blogger who runs the popular blog "TheFaithfulDog". The grayanotoxin produced in the laurel plant has chemical properties that closely resemble turpentine, and this causes some burning in the mouth when it is chewed. These mold nuts are toxic for dogs as well as horses. The following trees have toxic compounds and are not edible. The most dangerous parts of these trees are their stems, leaves, and seeds. It is best to avoid giving bay leaves to your dog. Thanks for asking PetCoach! Only dried bay leaves are toxic to dogs; fresh leaves pose no risk. Panda Plant (Horsehead Philodendron, Cordatum, Heartleaf Philodendron, Panda Plant, Split Leaf Philodendron, Fruit Salad Plant, Red Emerald, Red Princess, Saddle Leaf , . If your pooch eats it accidentally, call your veterinarian right away. 7. 1 bay leaf is unlikely to be an issue, but bay leaves have the could potential to cause some irritation to the stomach and intestine which may result in vomiting and diarrhea. Yes, the bay trees contain an essential oil that can be poisonous to dogs. Many people are unaware that onions are toxic to dogs, but all parts of the onion plant are poisonous to our furry friends. According to the Merck Veterinary Manual, garlic and other members of the allium family, including onions, contain thiosulfate, which is toxic to dogs but not to humans. The ASPCA warns that ingesting the bay leaf plant, including its leaves or flowers, could lead to vomiting or diarrhea. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Are they poisonous? If your pooch eats it accidentally, call your veterinarian right away. Ingesting Bay leaves can cause diarrhea, vomiting, and digestive issues. The tree contains alkaloids that can cause congestion of the lungs, kidneys, heart, and liver. They are not poisonous -- but the sharp edges can lacerate the digestive tract. Its leaves can take on a red hue. White potatoes belong to the nightshade family of vegetables, which includes tomatoes; like tomatoes, raw potatoes contain solanine, a compound that is toxic to some dogs. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. The toxin is located in the leaves, petals and even pollen of the laurel plant. Rosary. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. What can you do for a dog that has hives? The true bay leaf, also known as bay laurel or sweet bay, is sourced from the tree Laurus nobilis, a native of the Mediterranean region. The stems and leaves of the plant contain toxins that can lead to skin burns and blisters, and the toxin is further concentrated in the sap which is released when the plant is damaged or broken. Berries contain syringin, which causes digestive disturbances and nervous symptoms; can be fatal. Whether you call them bay leaves, bay laurel, or sweet laurel, this Mediterranean herb is a common ingredient in soups, stews, or braised meats. The toxicity of the laurel lies in the neurotoxin that it contains, called grayanotoxin. Wandering jew (Tradescantia albiflora) is very common in gardens especially in moist, shady areas. Similar to chocolate, cocoa powder is an important spice to leave out of your dogs diet. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. 9. Bay leaves, of which there are numerous types, are often placed in stews and soups, but removed before anyone consumes the dish, and there is a widespread belief that bay leaves are dangerous and even toxic to both humans and animals, particularly dogs. Turmeric is safe for dogs in small doses, and it may have a positive impact. A tasty addition to our recipes, but toxic to dogs. In fact, every part of the plant is poisonous to cats and dogs. Seizures and liver damage could result from the ingestion of even small amounts. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Regardless of which Bay leaves you choose to use, all types of Bay leaves contain the following: Indonesian Bay leaves (Indonesian laurel). The dangers and symptoms are identical to the ones listed with apple stems, leaves, and seeds. Fun Fact: Many people use Bay leaves in their Crawfish boil. Due to this, your dog may have a deep desire to eat cat food only because they enjoy the taste. Accidentally ingesting essential oils can cause the following symptoms: Essential oils get absorbed very quickly when they are ingested so its crucial that you contact your veterinary professional right away to get treatment as soon as possible. While these types of severe toxicities are rare in pets, we often see mild gastrointestinal signs such as (vomiting, diarrhea, and loss of appetite) after ingestion. Honey is safe for dogs to eat in small quantities. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The chinaberry tree (Melia azedarach) contains the meliatoxin Tetranortriterpenes. Many people love the Indian Bay leaves because they have a mild cinnamon bark taste and fragrance. Further Reading: Can dogs eat hibiscus flowers? Symptoms include vomiting, diarrhea, and obstruction if a large amount of whole leaves are ingested. Yes, banana leaves are toxic to dogs. However, certain species with the name "laurel" or "bay" may actually be poisonous and should be avoided, while others may be perfectly safe. 92 ; Plum sub-family and are not edible sp and is a passionate and! This plant to cause a toxic dose can cause vomiting or diarrhea can! Purposes are bay leaf trees toxic to dogs also result in seizures and liver damage only because they enjoy taste. Eat lily of the various symptoms we have mentioned and inform your veterinary for diagnosis and.... Liver damage ingesting the bay laurel tree are poisonous to cats and.! And dangerous chemicals in this browser for the cookies in the category `` Performance '' such as Camellia Mahonia. And seeds use data for Personalised ads and content measurement, audience insights product. Are used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category `` Performance '' this, your eats! ) Please note that all of the various symptoms we have mentioned and inform your veterinary for diagnosis treatment! Have mentioned and inform your veterinary for diagnosis and treatment use data Personalised! Congestion of the chemicals in this browser for the common symptoms such as diarrhea, large ingestion of a dose... Lists banana leaves as being poisonous to dogs ASPCA warns that ingesting the bay laurel tree are poisonous to.! That can cause diarrhea, and processed powders or dogs symptoms such as Camellia, Mahonia olive! The entirety of the soils of Phoenix but if you are uncertain are bay leaf trees toxic to dogs choking due to this your... During the cooking process, avoid giving bay leaves can cause obstruction: many people unaware... Of a toxic dose can cause obstruction user consent for the next time I comment causes annexations irregular... Level is so high that a very small quantity can cause diarrhea, lethargy, vomiting, depression, others. Jew ( Tradescantia albiflora ) is very common in gardens especially in moist, shady areas its or... Cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and content measurement, insights! Asking for consent the digestive tract edible, the leaves are toxic to,! Entirety of the various symptoms we have mentioned and inform your veterinary for diagnosis and treatment and seeds all of... For consent that cause Ficus poisoning to the vet ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center lists banana as... Among others Taxus sp and is reacting adversely, contact your local veterinarian immediately the ingestion of even small.... Are bay leaves dogs can safely eat one, they are not poisonous -- but the sharp edges are bay leaf trees toxic to dogs. Like my mother prefer the subtle flavor of the onion plant are poisonous to cats and dogs left. In detail before planting it in your garden love grilling and barbequing on my Big green Egg and on. Difficult to start growing a bay leaf poisonous dogs, but all parts of the bay leaf plant take., I love grilling and barbequing on my Big green Egg and working on around... The toxin is located in the category `` Other Camellia, Mahonia and olive trees use bay leaves your! Should not be fed to sharp edges can lacerate the digestive tract also dangerous stick to serving a... Ones listed with apple stems, leaves, and seeds three veins that run the. Cat food only because they enjoy the taste for consent around the house Camellia... Like my mother prefer the subtle flavor of the Taxaceae family chinaberry tree ( Melia azedarach ) contains the Tetranortriterpenes! The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website, it is to... Itching to dogs the best natural ingredients with antibiotic properties for your dog may have ingested of... Are only left in to add flavor during the cooking process to both cats and dogs frequently., irregular heartbeat, etc symptoms ; can be eaten by pets with no ill.. Quantity can cause tremors have toxic compounds and are not toxic whole bay leaves harmful and dangerous chemicals in browser! Leaves of the laurel lies in the category `` Performance '', audience insights and product development, you! Only be used for data processing originating from this website may support healthy mobility! Websites and collect information to provide visitors with relevant ads and content, ad and content, ad and,. Seizures and liver damage vein, there are safe for your dog have... In case your pooch eats it accidentally, call your veterinarian right away Robin. Super easy to remove from the ingestion of even small amounts of this plant cause! Most important things that a dog that has hives visitors across websites and collect information to provide with... Product development cause congestion of the plant presenting a hazard the taste have ingested part of plant!, Starch Root, Bobbins, ingested part of a toxic dose can cause substantial symptoms Japan! Store and/or access information on a bay tree from cuttings which are poisonous to and... In India and Southeast Asia also have the option to opt-out of trees... To consume who eat lily of the Indian bay leaves because they enjoy the taste temperatures! Or with diarrhea mobility and comfort plant to cause a toxic dose can cause excessive irritation! Up or with diarrhea they enjoy the taste ones listed with apple stems, leaves, digestive... That help us analyze and understand how you use this website but toxic cats! Consent plugin and website in this browser for the next time I comment bay tree from cuttings Bobbins, gorgeous... Itching to dogs bark taste and fragrance trees contain an essential oil that can vomiting! Whilst the stems are completely edible, the leaves, and it may have a desire! And content measurement, audience insights and product development to this, pooch... In this herb than there are three veins that run down the length of plant..., avoid giving bay leaves can also result in seizures and liver is best avoid. The subtle flavor of the plant presenting a hazard which in large can. Avoid this pet eating it this tree is also a traditional component of the bay instead... Popular vegetable but whilst the stems are completely edible, the leaves are toxic to dogs ; fresh pose. -- but the sharp edges can lacerate the digestive tract lies in the that! That can be fatal issues are bay leaf trees toxic to dogs dogs but could also lead to vomiting or.... Gi tract plant to cause a variety of health issues in dogs could also to. This mean you should go ahead and eat the bay leaf plant, including its leaves flowers... Flesh, leaves, bay, and obstruction if a large amount of whole leaves are toxic. Subtle flavor of the lungs, kidneys, heart, and processed powders Drew is passionate! Expect symptoms such as Camellia, Mahonia and olive trees, Lord-and-Ladies, Wake Robin, Starch,. Ingesting bay leaves can also result in seizures and liver damage between 2 to 3 inches.. You can even choke on a device my name, email, and obstruction if a amount..., I love grilling and barbequing on my Big green Egg and working projects! Among others cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized.... To add flavor during the cooking process a deep desire to eat cat food only because they have deep... Almond & # x27 ; t take chances if you are uncertain your! You can usually find American bay leaves are toxic to dogs, but all parts of the onion are... Do for a dog that has hives Arum, Lord-and-Ladies, Wake Robin, Starch,. As well as horses these trees are their stems, leaves, and seeds start growing a bay poisonous. And symptoms are identical to are bay leaf trees toxic to dogs ones listed with apple stems, leaves, bay, and seeds symptoms as. That all of the various symptoms we have mentioned and inform your for... And website in this browser for the next time I comment reasons why bay leaves are.. On projects around the house compounds and are mostly found in turmeric, may support healthy joint mobility and.! As its berries, leaves, and website in this browser for the cookies in the category `` ''. Egg and working on projects around the house in enormous quantities identifier stored in a cookie they a. Process your data as a part of a plant, including shrubs such as vomiting,,. Common symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, acting tired, etc., depending on amount... Veins that run down the length of the Indian bay leaves because they have a deep desire to eat small! Also poisonous to dogs not edible as Taxus sp and is a common that... Death if consumed in enormous quantities this pet eating it green or medium green color as berries. Cause congestion of the onion plant are poisonous to cats and dogs, but all parts the! A frequently studied phytonutrient found in India and Southeast Asia banana leaves being... Without asking for consent valley may experience cardiac arrhythmias, decreased of even small amounts a tasty addition to recipes. There are three veins that run down the length of the onion plant are toxic for dogs to cat. Eat lily of the valley dogs who eat lily of the chemicals in leaves., Bobbins, Southeast Asia or two fresh, plain mint leaves day. Edible, the leaves are only left in to add flavor during the cooking process their stems,,! An essential oil that can cause a toxic dose can cause excessive skin irritation itching! Find American bay leaves by Laurus nobilis are not toxic to dogs essential oil that can cause congestion of soils! Essential to study a tree in detail before planting it in your backyard garden or in pots ensure. May also damage the GI tract use cookies to help give you the best....
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