The supposed discovery, six months after her house and effects were searched at her arrest, is likely to have been a fabrication. They had 1 son & 3 daughters: [1] Sir Thomas. [26] She and her husband were parents to five children: Her son, Reginald Pole, said that he would "never fear to call himself the son of a martyr". Margaret Pole was born about four years after her parents had married, and was the first child born after the couple lost their first child on board a ship fleeing to France during the Wars of the Roses. Fitzwilliam despaired of getting anything out of her but denials, and paid her a twisted compliment in the way Tudor men did: We may call her rather a strong and constant man than a woman she has shown herself so earnest, vehement and precise that more could not be. When he told her that her goods had been seized, she must have known it was the beginning of the end, and seemeth thereat to be somew[hat] appalled, but neither then nor at any later point did she profess anything but loyalty to Henry and regret at her familys folly. Her son Reginald described himself afterwards as son of a martyr and in 1886, Pope Leo XIII had Margaret Pole beatified as a martyr. The governors of Lincoln admired him enough to appoint him lecturer on law for three consecutive years. Margaret was 12 years old when Henry VII defeated Richard III and claimed the crown of England by right of conquest. On June 26, a special commission was established to hear the case of Thomas More. Hilary Mantel. As a young man, he seriously contemplated joining the priesthood, only to become one of the most successful politicians of his time. It is at this moment that we must step back and consider the England in which More now lived. Richard Pole was appointed to the household of Arthur, eldest son of Henry VII and Prince of Wales, heir apparent. Ursula married into the powerful Stafford family; of Margarets sons, only Reginald did not marry; by the age of seven he was given utterly to God. Margaret was a daughter of George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence and Isabella Neville. Answer (1 of 16): Henry's break with Reginald Pole was the reason the Countess of Salisbury was in a situation to be executed in the first place, but the botched nature of the deed itself had rather more pedestrian origins. Afterwards, he made a botched suicide attempt. I have a feeling that Edward and Thomas had an even closer relationship when their brother Henry was around. In 1487, an imposter, Lambert Simmel, pretended to be her brother Edward, and was used to try to gather a rebellion against Henry VII. Her many fortified houses and castles, the number of tenants she could turn out, the belligerent propaganda from abroad all these brought the whole family into deep suspicion. Despite such evidence of royal favor, it is likely that More chafed at his service to the king. More's trial took place on 1 July. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. Margaret was now fully under the king's will, with no title or lands to her name, she was to be styled simply as Margaret Pole. * Thomas Stafford (1531-4 May 1557) who was captured and executed for High Treason in Scarborough. We come now to the great event of Henrys reign. Margaret Plantagenet, the daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence and of his wife, Isabel Neville, was born on 14th August 1473 at Farleigh Castle, near Bath. Margaret Pole, Tudor Matriarch and Martyr. His eldest daughter Margaret married the lawyer William Roper in 1521, and More continued his practice of prayer and supervision of learning at his home. 1 Through his father he was descended from Edward III's son, Thomas of Woodstock, and his mother was Catherine Woodville, sister of Edward IV's queen, Elizabeth Woodville; she afterwards married Henry VII's uncle, Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford. Margaret's mother died when she was three; her father had two servants killed when he thought they had poisoned her. As widows, or as deputies to living husbands, they handled complex legal and financial affairs with aplomb, while assenting outwardly at least to their status as irrational and inferior beings. Margaret's loyalty was to Katherine of Aragon and to her daughter Princess Mary to whom she was governess and godmother. Margaret Pole was George Duke of Clarence daughter. Margaret Pole was a pretty tough and clinical woman. He waited five days before being summoned to the scaffold on Tower Hill. Link will appear as Hanson, Marilee. There wasn't any "relationship" as such. Unfortunately, Cardinal Wolsey was unable to secure an annulment for the king. Then, in good faith, between your grace and me is but this, that I shall die today, and you tomorrow.. Margaret Pole, or Margaret Plantagenet, was the daughter of the Duke of Clarence, brother of two Plantagenet kings: Edward IV and Richard III, and his wife Lady Isabella Neville, daughter of "Warwick the Kingmaker". Family solidarity, the code of survival, did not mean much to Reginald, brought up under an alien roof; if he were to lose his earthly family, he said, he would still have the fellowship of the saints in paradise. This More was fully prepared to do. Margaret's relationship with Henry VIII, must have been good. She was married to James IV of Scotland from 1503-1513, which united the royal houses of England and Scotland. He never explicitly courted controversy, but he felt compelled to answer the reformers such as William Tyndale. Ultimately, they would both become martyrs of their faith (though this show is not likely . Henry VII also decided, about that time, to marry the 15-year-old Margaret to his half-cousin, Sir Richard Pole. It was unlawful before man and God and thus void. Margaret was not executed with her eldest son, but was held in the Tower for the last years of her life the king paying her bills, outfitting her as became a great lady in furred petticoats and a satin nightgown. Ten years on, her situation was more difficult to negotiate. She, her grandson, Henry (son of her own son Henry), and Exeter's son were held together and supported by the king. At their trial, a Cromwellian observer said, the noblemen stood at the bar with castyng up of eies and hands, as though those thyngs had ben never herd of before, that thenne were laid to theyr charge. Her son Arthur joined them, dying young, probably in the sweating sickness epidemic of 1528. Her father was the younger brother of Edward IV and Richard III. Those two could only get along for short while before things got heated. Margaret was looked after well in the Tower, with Henry VIII paying for her food, clothing and a woman to attend her. His name was on the attainder and he was brought before the Privy Council in February 1534. Katharine was the kings true wife. But Margaret herself was an ornament to Henry. From the start, Margaret's life had been marred by tragedy and violence: her father, George . To help with her financial situation, she gave one of her sons, Reginald, to the church. Here's how the cast of The Spanish Princess compares to their real-life counterparts, from Catherine to Margaret Pole. And he was a father who insisted his three daughters have the same education as his son. It was More's execution - far more than those of Anne Boleyn or Thomas Cromwell or Margaret Pole - which established the king's reputation for capricious cruelty. Thomas More and Catherine herself were wise enough to steer clear of the nun. Henry was negotiating a glorious marriage for Prince Arthur, to a daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella. Margaret was 14, and probably remained at court rather than living with her husband. London, WC1A 2HN Henry VIII was a Catholic ruler, and enjoyed friendly relations with the papacy until he sought to divorce Katharine. It was his great popularity that saved him. It mattered to London shopkeepers, and to great churchmen. But Lord Montagu attended Annes coronation as he would later attend her trial. Mortons tax philosophy was a marvel of inescapable logic: If the subject is seen to live frugally, tell him because he is clearly a money saver of great ability, he can afford to give generously to the King. Based in North Carolina, Higginbotham is a lawyer by background and has written several historical novels, spanning different eras. Read More. The Tower's professional executioner was away, so a young novice was given the job. . Managed projects by translating human insights into actionable guidance for skilled teams. Apainting in the National Portrait Gallery offers a grey-white face, long, guarded, medieval, remote: unknown woman, formerly known as Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury. His decision to become a lay Christian now made, More quickly married. When she reached her teens, a marriage was arranged with Richard Pole, a modest landowner with solid Tudor connections, who had been rewarded for loyalty by being made constable of several Welsh castles. Our Lady of Lourdes in Harpenden, Hertfordshire. The sitter might as well be carved, for all she suggests flesh or circulating blood. Her first son, Henry Pole, was created Baron Montagu, another of the Neville titles, speaking for the family in the House of Lords. After Richard III seized the throne, he sent Margaret to Yorkshire with her brother. However, we should not assume that Mortons politics had any profound impact upon More. He died young (about 1526) having married the heir of Roger Lewknor. For a time, she and her younger brother were in the care of their maternal aunt, Anne Neville, who was married to their paternal uncle, Richard of Gloucester. Margarets aunt, Anne Neville, thus became queen. More had already begun writing his History of King Richard III as well; it is considered the first masterpiece of English history and is wholly pro-Tudor. The king added that his lack of a legitimate son was clear proof of Gods displeasure. More would have to either acknowledge the kings spiritual supremacy and marriage to Anne Boleyn, or he would die. After Henry's second wife, Anne Boleyn, was arrested, and eventually executed, Margaret was permitted to return to Court, albeit briefly. He had several other livings, although he had not been ordained a priest. The nun sought out eminent supporters, especially those who, like Margaret and like Gertrudes husband, had a claim to the throne, and pressed on them the contents of her visions: unless he went back to his wife and to Rome, Henry would expire in torments. But in late June she was back at court by the side of Queen Jane, and the king was looking forward to an era of peace and fertility. A possible portrait of Margaret Pole (c. 1535). Pope Paul III put him in charge of organising assistance for the Pilgrimage of Grace (and related movements). Margaret was a great heiress, grand-daughter of the Earl of Warwick who was known as the Kingmaker. In 1876, during restoration work on the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula, the bones of a tall, elderly woman came to light. His position at court meant that he was to be the kings advocate before parliament. As a young king, he was named Defender of the Faith by the pope for defending the church against Protestant heresy; his Lord Chancellor was Cardinal Thomas Wolsey. Richard III sent the children to Sheriff Hutton Castle in Yorkshire. It was Mores execution far more than those of Anne Boleyn or Thomas Cromwell or Margaret Pole which established the kings reputation for capricious cruelty. Likewise, Henry became understandably angry at the papacys refusal to repudiate Charles. [3], Margaret was born at Farleigh Castle in Somerset, the only surviving daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, and his wife Isabel Neville, who was the elder daughter of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, and his wife Anne Beauchamp, 16th Countess of Warwick. More was a well-born academic and a sincere and committed Roman Catholic. In 1539 Henry VIII allowed (or ordered) Thomas Cromwell to throw Lady Salisbury into the . Margaret may have been deprived of her dynastic importance, but her marriage was honourable and stable, and she retained her status, if not her familys great titles and wealth. Margaret kept silent on the matter. His brother came to the throne in 1509 as Henry VIII, married the widowed Catherine, and in a first flush of goodwill began to repair the damage to Margarets fortunes. Margaret reminded Reginald what they all owed to the Tudors, and urged him to give up his enterprise, to take another way and serve the king: his renegade actions, she said, had plunged her into grief and fear, and trust me, Reginald, there never went the death of thy father or of any child so nigh my heart. Thomas Cromwell, who spied efficiently on the whole family, tried to have Reginald abducted or assassinated. Henry wanted Reginald to come back to England and talk the matter over, but Reginald had the sense to keep his distance. When Henry imposed an oath which recognised him as head of the church in England, the countess and her household complied. The veteran plotter Gertrude Courtenay was treated with clemency; unlike Margaret, she was not a free agent but a married woman subject to her husband, and not a claimant to the throne in her own right. You see, we speak of being anchored to our principles. Please include name, address and a telephone number. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/margaret-pole-tudor-matriarch-and-martyr-3530618. Margaret's only surviving sibling was Edward, Earl of Warwick. Read anywhere with the London Review of Books app, available now from the App Store for Apple devices, Google Play for Android devices and Amazon for your Kindle Fire. He married Anne Neville, a younger sister of Margaret's mother, Isabel. Shortly thereafter, (probably in November 1487) Henry VII gave Margaret in marriage to his cousin, Sir Richard Pole, whose mother was a half-sister of the king's mother, Margaret Beaufort. The feast day of Blessed Margaret Pole is 28 May, and she was beatified 1886 by Pope Leo VIII. The hands are the standard-issue long-fingered type; a black ribbon, added later, may conceal damage to the paint. Anne was the anointed queen. She was more likely arrested simply because of her maternal connection to Henry and Reginald, her sons, and perhaps the symbolism of her family heritage, the last of the Plantagenets. Like other noble ladies the kings sister the Duchess of Suffolk, or the Duke of Norfolks wife Margaret was not comfortable at the court of Anne Boleyn. Henry VIII married Catherine of Aragon in 1509 and Margaret was again appointed as one of her ladies-in-waiting. At this point, Reginald delivered him a nasty surprise, in the shape of a letter denouncing him as a schismatic, heretic and disgrace to Christendom: a Nero, a wild beast. On the scaffold, Margaret prayed for the royal family all except Anne Boleyns daughter, Elizabeth, whom she regarded as illegitimate. That was the beginning of Thomas Mores public career, and it was a telling one. After bearing More three daughters (Margaret, Elizabeth, Cicely) and one son (John), Jane died in 1511. This discovery resulted in removal of Mores books and writing materials. Her life, marked by stunning reversals of fortune, is an irresistible subject, but it presents a familiar difficulty for the historian. Eustace Chapuys, the imperial ambassador, recorded the Countess's execution in a letter to the Queen of Hungary: By 1527, the king was in his mid-thirties, and his wife six years older. She was pregnant at the time of her bereavement, and soon she would join the entourage of the Spanish bride. [5] When Perkin Warbeck impersonated Edward IV's presumed-dead son, Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York, in 1499, Margaret's brother Edward was attainted and executed for involvement in the plot. BORN: 1473. Reginald was present at the treaty negotiations. Inventories paint the picture: tableware of silver and gold, Venetian glass, mother-of-pearl, tapestries portraying the journeys of Ulysses and the discovery of Newfoundland; the countess herself, tall, stately, wears ermine, tawny damask, black satin and black velvet. Basically, they disliked and mistrusted one another. No great European power was willing to commit men or money to this crusade, but their unwillingness was not apparent at the time. Geoffrey appealed to Thomas Cromwell, who had him arrested and interrogated. But if the weather turns nasty you up with an anchor and let it down where there's less wind, and the fishing's better. Then, her prayers completed, she faced the incompetent axeman. And so he was imprisoned in the Tower of London on 17 April 1534. Her father was Shakespeares false, fleeting, perjured Clarence, who died in the Tower of London at the age of 29, attainted for treason and supposedly drowned in a butt of malmsey. In 1554, Mary reversed the attainder against Reginald Pole, and he was ordained as a priest in 1556 and finally consecrated as Archbishop of Canterbury in 1556. Margaret was perhaps guilty only by association, but at this distance it is impossible to tell. And his old friend, the duke of Norfolk, took care to warn him of his danger, Indignatio principis mors est. To which More famously replied, Is that all, my lord? It was time to be rid of Warwick. Her father, Duke of Clarence and brother to Edward IV, switched sides several times during that long family battle over the crown of England. It was also due to Henrys deep and unfeigned friendship with More. 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